of heaven, that is, of God, being brought to bear in the present world. Thy kingdom come, said Jesus, thy will be done, on earth as in heaven. Jesus’ contemporaries knew that the creator God intended to bring justice and peace to his world here and now. The question was, how, when and through whom? With a certain oversimplification we can trace easily enough the three options open to Jews in Jesus’ day. If you go down the Jordan valley from Jericho to Masada, you can see evidence of all of them.